Txhua qib ntawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, uas feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm yam xws li cov khoom siv raw, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab cov khoom siv los tsim cov ntawv hauv paus. Piv txwv li, cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov ntawv kraft muaj xws li: qhov hnyav, thickness, hla- kev taw qhia thickness variation, whiteness, opacity, nto absorbency, tawg ntev, hla-kev taw qhia folding endurance, smoothness, cross- taw qhia dimensional stability, luam nto lub zog, noo noo cov ntsiab lus, ntom (lub zog), folding bursting (lub zog), folding bursting zog thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau, thaum cov tuam txhab ntawv tsim cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau lawv cov ntawv kraft, ob peb lub lag luam hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv tiag tiag muaj peev xwm sib cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas cov ntsiab lus nrog lawv cov kev cai luam ntawv tshwj xeeb. Hloov chaw, lawv dig muag qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi thiab qhov kawg ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm, tag nrho saib xyuas qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg sawv cev muag khoom hauv khw feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem muab cov tuam txhab luam ntawv nrog cov kev daws teeb meem zoo raws li lawv cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias kraft daim ntawv yog txhais los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.
Qhov hnyav: Qhov no yog hais txog qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntawv ib square meter, feem ntau ntsuas hauv grams ib square meter (g / m²). Lub hauv paus luj yuav tsum yog uniform; txwv tsis pub, cov ntawv pawg yuav qaij lossis warp, tiv thaiv kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab luam ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis yog - hnyav hnyav hnyav ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv smoothness.
Kev nruj: Cov fibers hauv daim ntawv txiav txim siab nws qhov ntom ntom thiab qhov porosity (inter{0}} fiber ntau qhov sib nrug). Bagasse pulp muaj zoo toughness thiab nruab nrab - mus rau - ntev fibers; xyoob pulp muab zoo heev txhav nrog ntev fibers; nplej straw pulp nta siab porosity nrog nruab nrab - mus rau - ntev fibers; thiab acacia ntoo pulp muaj nplua, luv fibers. Coniferous pulp yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov porosity siab thiab ntev fibers. Kev tsim ntawm daim ntawv tuaj yeem piv rau kev tsim kho lub tsev: coniferous pulp ua haujlwm raws li cov hlau reinforcement, thaum lwm cov pulps ua raws li cov cement thiab xuab zeb. Lub cohesion ntawm "cement thiab xuab zeb" nyob ntawm seb qhov porosity ntawm lawv; Txwv tsis pub, qhov kev sib koom ua ke no yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm sizing thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, qhov nruj txaus tso cai rau daim ntawv ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv siab - nrawm luam ntawv xovxwm- tau muab, tau kawg, tias daim ntawv tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo sib xws.
Dawb: Cov neeg tsim khoom kho cov xim dawb -tshwj xeeb nws cov xim zoo nkauj- kom tau raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov neeg siv khoom; Txawm li cas los xij, qib whiteness siab dua tsis tas yuav zoo dua. Whiteness tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov tshuab luam ntawv kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv nws tus kheej. Los ntawm kev xav luam ntawv, txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv dawb ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov xim luam tawm thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom luam tawm kawg. Yog li ntawd, whiteness yog suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov ntawv. Raws li lub npe implies, "whiteness" tsuas yog hais txog qib ntawm purity thiab brightness ntawm daim ntawv dawb tsos. Nws sawv cev rau cov khoom muaj peev xwm los cuam tshuam lub teeb nthwv dej thoob plaws tag nrho cov spectrum pom. Tam sim no, kuv lub teb chaws feem ntau ntsuam xyuas cov ntawv dawb los ntawm kev ntsuas nws "brightness" (tseem hu ua "whiteness").
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ntsuas qhov ci ci no tsuas yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab tsis suav nrog cov yam ntxwv pom ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag; qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias pom kev dawb huv -dawb li cas daim ntawv * zoo li * rau tus neeg soj ntsuam- yog kev sib xyaw ntawm lub cev ntawm cov xim purity thiab qhov tseeb tiag tiag. Vim tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov fillers thiab dyes thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, tus qauv ci ntsa iab metric tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov xim dawb li nws pom pom. Yog li ntawd, cov zej zog thoob ntiaj teb tau nce kev siv lub tswv yim ntawm "visual whiteness" los qhia cov ntawv qib ntawm whiteness; Txij li thaum qhov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov muag pom kev dawb yog nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag, nws muab qhov tseeb dua sawv cev ntawm cov ntawv dawb li cas tiag tiag. Piv txwv li, xav txog ob daim ntawv: Daim Ntawv A ntsuas qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm 70, thaum Daim Ntawv B ntsuas 68. Raws li kev xav, Daim Ntawv A yuav tsum tshwm xim dawb dua li Daim B; Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tias Sheet B yuav * saib * whiter dua li Daim Ntawv A. Qhov sib txawv no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj additives -tshwj xeeb "optical brighteners" (xws li ultramarine xiav)-thaum daim ntawv- ua cov txheej txheem; cov additives no tuaj yeem * txhim kho * qhov pom kev pom ntawm whiteness yam tsis tau * nce * daim ntawv tus nqi ntawm qhov xav tau. Daim ntawv nrog cov qib siab ci ntsa iab qhia txog yuav luag txhua qhov teeb meem teeb meem, ua rau muaj kev ua kom zoo dua qub, muaj xim zoo nkauj dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm. Rau "cov ntaub ntawv kab lis kev cai" (xws li cov ntawv sau thiab luam ntawv), yuav tsum muaj qee theem ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab; Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog qhov "qhov ci ntsa iab, qhov zoo dua." Daim ntawv uas muaj qhov ci ntsa iab ntau dhau tuaj yeem pom qhov ci ntsa iab thiab hnyav rau lub qhov muag, uas ua rau pom kev pom.
Thickness: Daim ntawv tuab yog hais txog qhov ntsuas caliper txheeb ze rau daim ntawv qhov hnyav (qhov hnyav ib square meter). Nws txhais tau hais tias qhov kev ncua deb ntsuas ntawm ob daim phiaj sib npaug -nyob rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb, tus qauv siab- nrog rau cov qauv ntawv tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lawv. (Kev Ntsuas Ntsuas: Qauv PY-H606A Ntawv Thickness Tester). Ntau cov nroj tsuag luam ntawv, thaum yuav cov ntawv kraft, nyiam siv cov tuab raws li lawv qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, lawv yuav xav tias yog ib daim ntawv ntawm 70-gram daim ntawv ntsuas qhov tuab ntawm 85 microns (µm), ces ib daim ntawv ntsuas 85 microns thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv yuav tsum yog 70{20}}gram ntawv. Qhov kev xav no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis raug. Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau kho cov ntawv "bulk" (qhov piv ntawm thickness rau qhov hnyav) kom haum rau cov khoom luam tawm tshwj xeeb; yog li ntawd, ib daim ntawv 65-gram tuaj yeem qee zaum raug tsim kom muaj tib lub thickness li 70-gram ntawv. Yog li ntawd, cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib txuas lus zoo thiab kev sib koom tes ntawm tus neeg siv kawg (lub tshuab luam ntawv) thiab tus neeg muag khoom. Muab hais tias daim ntawv lub hauv paus luj (grammage) tseem zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv lub web dav, variations ntawm thickness feem ntau tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev luam ntawv. Thickness Cross-Directional Variation: Qhov no yog hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv thickness thoob plaws nws qhov dav (nyob rau hauv cross-direction). Yog tias tus nqi no siab dhau, nws qhia tias daim ntawv tuab tsis sib xws; qhov no yuav ua rau creasing los yog folding thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv, los yog nyob rau hauv heev mob, tiv thaiv daim ntawv los ntawm lub printing xovxwm txhua.
Ceev: Qhov hnyav ntawm daim ntawv ib cubic centimeter. Ua kom cov ntawv ntom ntom ua kom nws lub zog tensile thiab tawg lub zog; Txawm li cas los xij, kev ceev ntau dhau ua rau muaj ob qhov tsis zoo: ua ntej, nws txo cov ntawv opacity; thiab qhov thib ob, nws cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv bulkiness, ua rau muaj kev xav tsis zoo thiab txo qis compressibility. Txij li cov ntawv tuab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txig sib luag, thiab kev sib cuag ntawm lub phaj luam ntawv thiab cov ntawv sib txawv thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv, kev luam ntawv zoo yog inevitably cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv uas yog mos, elastic, thiab compressible heev tsis tu ncua ua rau cov ntawv luam tawm nrog cov kev xav zoo nkauj thiab sib txawv tonal gradations.
Smoothness: Smoothness feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho saum npoo. Daim ntawv uas tau dhau los ua qhov loj me thiab tom qab muag calendering feem ntau ua tiav qhov kev ntsuas smoothness ntawm 35 vib nas this lossis siab dua. Ib tug du nto kuj yuav pab kom txo tau nto plua plav los yog linting thaum luam ntawv. Lub℃ntawm smoothness cuam tshuam qhov fidelity ntawm halftone dot reproduction; ntau dua smoothness ua tiav cov ntawv luam nrog vivid, lifelike xim. Hloov pauv, daim ntawv nrog qhov ntsuas qhov smoothness hauv qab 20 vib nas this yog qhov ua rau luam ntawv tsis xws luag xws li dot nce (kis), ink los ntshav, thiab qhia - los ntawm (tus number case nkag mus rau sab nraud).
Opacity: Opacity txhais tau tias yog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm ib daim ntawv piv txwv muab tso rau hauv "ua tiav" dub rov qab rau qhov kev xav ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov qauv tuab txaus kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cias muab, nws ntsuas qhov℃uas tus number case "qhia los ntawm" daim ntawv. Rau cov ntawv luam tawm, qhov opacity siab yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev ua yeeb yam - los ntawm - kom ntseeg tau tias tus number case siv rau ib sab tsis nkag mus rau sab nraub qaum - yog li khaws cia qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntawv lossis cov duab luam tawm ntawm sab nraud. Kev sau ntawv kuj yuav tsum tau muaj qee theem ntawm qhov opacity los pab kev sau ntawv ntawm ob sab ntawm daim ntawv. Rau ob qho tib si luam ntawv thiab sau ntawv, qhov kev xav tau dav dav yog: qhov siab dua qhov opacity, qhov zoo dua.
Surface Absorbency: Qhov no yog hais txog daim ntawv lub peev xwm nqus dej lossis lwm yam kua dej. Qhov saum npoo absorbency yuav tsum poob rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb kom yooj yim rau kev hloov thiab nqus ntawm tus number case; Yog hais tias nws yog siab heev, daim ntawv lub peev xwm nqus dej yuav zoo heev, ua rau nws yooj yim deformation thaum luam ntawv.
Breaking Length: Qhov ntev ntawm daim ntawv los yog cov duab los qhia ruptures nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej qhov hnyav; qhov ntsuas no qhia tias daim ntawv tsis kam mus rau tensile breakage. Qhov kev ntsuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv npaj rau lub vev xaib luam ntawv, vim tias qhov kev sib tsoo ntau dua yuav pab cov ntawv tiv thaiv lub zog tensile los ntawm kev luam ntawv xovxwm.
