Cov thawv xa khoom, hnab khoom plig, hnab ntim khoom noj ... ntau yam khoom ntim khoom nyob ib puag ncig peb yog tsim los ntawm kraft ntawv. Tab sis yuav ua li cas raws nraim qhov no tawv, eco- cov ntaub ntawv tus phooj ywg tsim? Niaj hnub no, peb yuav coj koj los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm ntim cov ntawv kraft-los ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau cov khoom tiav- nthuav tawm cov lus zais zais hauv txhua theem uas ua rau daim ntawv "muaj zog thiab tawv dua"!
1. Kev xaiv cov khoom nyoos: Cov ntawv zoo pib nrog cov khoom zoo
Qhov "tughness" ntawm ntim kraft ntawv tuaj qhov twg? Qhov tseem ceeb nyob hauv nws cov khoom siv raw! Nws feem ntau yog tsim los siv softwood pulp-tshwj xeeb, ntoo los ntawm cov ntoo coniferous xws li ntoo thuv thiab spruce. Cov fibers hauv cov ntoo no ntev (feem ntau tshaj 1 millimeter) thiab muaj lub zog tensile siab, ua rau cov ntawv ua tau zoo dua thiab tiv taus ntau dua.
Qee cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv me me ntawm cov ntoo tawv ntoo (xws li poplar) kom zoo - kho daim ntawv softness thiab breathability. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee zaum cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg rov siv dua yog siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw los txhim kho eco- kev siv peev txheej zoo.
2. Pulping txheej txheem: Tig ntoo rau hauv "Pulp Soup"
Thawj kauj ruam yog "ua noj lub pulp": cov ntoo yog txiav mus rau hauv me me pieces thiab muab tso rau hauv lub digester nrog rau cov tshuaj (xws li sodium hydroxide). Los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas muaj cua sov thiab siab, lignin thiab impurities raug tshem tawm, tawm hauv qab cov cellulose fibers ntshiab (ntau zoo li "deconstructing" ntoo rau hauv cov kua zaub fiber ntau).
Tom ntej no los "kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev ua kom huv": cov nqaij siav, ntxhib yog lim kom tshem tawm cov impurities thiab luv fibers, yielding ib qho "pulp slurry." Cov theem no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim ntawv purity; nrog tsawg impurities, cov khoom kawg ua kom dawb thiab tsis muaj blemishes.
3. Beating Treatment: Pab cov fibers "Tsov kom nruj"
Pulp yuav tsum muaj txheej txheem "sib ntaus" ua ntej nws tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv ntawv! Hauv lub tshuab ntaus tshuab, cov fibers raug txiav thiab crushed, ua rau lawv qhov chaw ua ntxhib-zoo li "sib tsoo me me" rau txhua qhov fiber ntau. Qhov no tso cai rau cov fibers los cuam tshuam thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg zoo dua, yog li txhawb nqa daim ntawv lub zog tag nrho.
Qee cov txheej txheem tseem suav nrog kev ntxiv me me ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv -xws li rosin loj los txhim kho cov dej tsis kam, lossis qhuav - cov tshuaj muaj zog los txhawb lub zog tensile. Lub℃ntawm kev ntaus ntawv txiav txim siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv: qib siab ntawm kev ntaus ua rau cov ntawv denser, ntau daim ntawv, thaum qis dua yields softer, breathable khoom.
4. Daim Ntawv Sau: "Scooping" Tawm ntawm Daim Ntawv Embryo
Tam sim no los txog theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws! Lub pulp yog diluted rau hauv ib qho kev ncua kev kawm thiab ncuav rau hauv lub tshuab ntawv "headbox." Raws li cov xaim mesh txav mus, cov fibers maj mam ua raws li qhov chaw mesh, ua ib daim ntawv ntub dej (zoo li siv lub sieve los rub ib yam dab tsi- cov dej ntws tawm, tawm hauv cov fibers tom qab).
Qhov ceev ntawm cov hlau mesh txiav txim siab daim ntawv thickness: daim ntawv ceev dua - ua kom ceev, daim ntawv nyias; conversely, qhov qeeb qeeb, lub thicker nws ua. Kev tswj dej kom meej yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm no; Cov dej noo ntau dhau ua rau daim ntawv ua kom tawg, thaum tsis txaus noo noo ua rau lub zog tsis txaus.
5. Qhuav thiab Calendering: "Tsim qhov zoo thiab txhim khu kev zoo nkauj"
Daim ntawv ntub dej yog xa mus rau ib lub tog raj kheej kom qhuav, qhov twg nws qhuav ntawm qhov kub siab (kwv yees li 100 degree). Raws li cov dej evaporates, ib daim ntawv qhuav "raws li" yog tsim. Tom ntej no, nws nkag mus rau lub tshuab calender; ntawm no, lub siab exerted los ntawm rollers smooths daim ntawv saum npoo, xyuas kom meej uniform thickness, thiab txhim khu nws glossiness.
Cov kauj ruam kawg yog "Slitting thiab Ntim": daim ntawv txiav rau hauv qhov dav thiab ntev raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab tom qab ntawd muab ntim los ntawm qhov hnyav. Yog tias daim ntawv xim kraft yuav tsum tau siv, dyeing lossis embossing kev kho mob yog siv tom qab calendering los txhim kho daim ntawv thov kom zoo nkauj.
Los ntawm cov ntoo ruaj khov rau cov khoom ntim niaj hnub peb siv, kev tsim cov ntawv ntim kraft muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Los ntawm kev nkag siab cov kauj ruam no, koj yuav pom tias tom qab ib daim ntawv zoo li cov ntawv kraft ntawv yog kev cog lus tob rau ob qho tib si ib puag ncig kev ruaj ntseg thiab khoom siv tes ua! Lwm zaus koj tau txais pob khoom xa tuaj, yog vim li cas ho tsis siv sij hawm ib pliag kom txaus siab rau zaj dab neeg tom qab tsim ntawm no "eco-cov phooj ywg ntim"?
