Thaum daim ntawv (los yog duab los qhia) hlawv, daim ntawv saum npoo tam sim ntawd ua ntej ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws yuav ua rau cov pa hluav taws xob; Vim yog cov pa tawm, cov nplaim taws kis dhau ntawm thaj chaw pyrolysis, thaum tib lub sijhawm ua kom sov nyob rau hauv cov khoom heats cov ntawv nyob ib sab rau lawv qhov kub thiab txias. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub yog hais txog cov khoom muaj peev xwm kub hnyiab tau qeeb heev thaum raug qhov hluav taws kub, thiab kom tsis txhob kub hnyiab thiab nws tus kheej - tua sai sai thaum lub qhov hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm.
Txhawm rau faib cov nplaim taws- cov khoom tsis zoo rau daim ntawv (lossis cov duab los qhia), yuav tsum muaj peb yam - txoj hauv kev: cais cov ntawv saum npoo ntawm nplaim taws kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws kub thiab nplaim taws kis mus rau saum npoo; txo los yog depleting cov pa oxygen nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig combustion kom smother cov nplaim; thiab txo qhov kub thiab txias hauv cheeb tsam combustion-los yog siv hluav taws kub-cov fibers resistant- los inhibit cov pyrolysis ntawm daim ntawv nto.
Cov hom phiaj no feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hu ua nplaim hluav taws. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau ua tiav lawv lub hom phiaj los ntawm ntau lub tswv yim, suav nrog cov teebmeem endothermic, kev cais tawm, cov teebmeem dilution, thiab inhibition teebmeem. Nyob rau hauv combustion tej yam kev mob, phosphorus -raws li nplaim taws retardants tsim volatile phosphorus tebchaw thiab phosphoric acid; Cov tshuaj no ua rau hauv daim ntawv gaseous kom dilute qhov concentration ntawm oxygen thiab combustible gases, thaum lub phosphoric acid hloov mus rau hauv metaphosphoric acid thiab poly-metaphosphoric acid, tsim ib tug non-volatile polymeric tiv thaiv zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv lub burning txheej txheem. Halogen-raws li nplaim taws retardants undergo thermal decomposition thaum combustion los tsim hydrogen halides; Cov tshuaj no tshem tawm cov dawb radicals uas tsim los ntawm polymer degradation, yog li ncua lossis cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tsis yog- cov pa hluav taws xob, hydrogen halides tuaj yeem tsim muaj qhov siab - concentration barrier rau saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov khoom siv ntawv, zoo cais tawm ntawm huab cua. Cov nplaim taws-kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm borates feem ntau yog los ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov iav, inorganic intumescent txheej; Cov txheej no txhawb kev tsim cov char, cuam tshuam kev khiav tawm ntawm cov khoom tawg yooj yim, thiab ua rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm qhov kub siab - yog li muab cov cua txias txias, foaming, thiab combustible - cov teebmeem dilution. Thaum thermal decomposition thaum combustion, nitrogen-raws li cov tebchaw tso gases xws li N₂, CO, thiab NH₃, yog li cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm oxygen. Inorganic nplaim taws retardants{17}}xws li txhuas hydroxide (aluminium trihydrate)- tso dej vapor thaum thermal decomposition; cov vapor no dilutes combustible gases thaum ib txhij muab cov nyhuv txias, thiab tseem pab txhawb kev tsim cov carbonized txheej uas coats saum npoo ntawm cov khoom ntawv. Thaum cua sov, magnesium hydroxide dhau thermal decomposition, tso cov dej siv lead ua thiab nqus cua sov; cov magnesium oxide ruaj khov uas tsim los ntawm qhov decomposition no tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv combustible, yog li muab thermal rwb thaiv tsev, thaum cov dej vapor generated txo cov concentration ntawm combustible tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov roj{20}}theem combustion cheeb tsam.
